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http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30339
Title: | Multipolar boson stars: macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensates akin to hydrogen orbitals |
Author: | Herdeiro, C. A. R. Kunz, J. Perapechka, I. Radu, E. Shnir, Ya. |
Issue Date: | 10-Jan-2021 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Abstract: | Boson stars are often described as macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensates. By accommodating large numbers of bosons in the same quantum state, they materialize macroscopically the intangible probability density cloud of a single particle in the quantum world. We take this interpretation of boson stars one step further. We show, by explicitly constructing the fully non-linear solutions, that static (in terms of their spacetime metric, $g_{\mu\nu}$) boson stars, composed of a single complex scalar field, $\Phi$, can have a non-trivial multipolar structure, yielding the same morphologies for their energy density as those that elementary hydrogen atomic orbitals have for their probability density. This provides a close analogy between the elementary solutions of the non-linear Einstein--Klein-Gordon theory, denoted $\Phi_{(N,\ell,m)}$, which could be realized in the macrocosmos, and those of the linear Schr\"odinger equation in a Coulomb potential, denoted $\Psi_{(N,\ell,m)}$, that describe the microcosmos. In both cases, the solutions are classified by a triplet of quantum numbers $(N,\ell,m)$. In the gravitational theory, multipolar boson stars can be interpreted as individual bosonic lumps in equilibrium; remarkably, the (generic) solutions with $m\neq 0$ describe gravitating solitons $[g_{\mu\nu},\Phi_{(N,\ell,m)}]$ without any continuous symmetries. Multipolar boson stars analogue to hybrid orbitals are also constructed. |
Peer review: | yes |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30339 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.136027 |
ISSN: | 0370-2693 |
Appears in Collections: | CIDMA - Artigos DMat - Artigos GGDG - Artigos |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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PLB812(2021)136027.pdf | 939.41 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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