Ionic liquid–poly(lactic acid) blends as green polymer electrolyte membranes

Abstract

The need for developing more sustainable electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices prompted us to develop novel bio-based membranes based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) to act as an electrolyte in energy conversion devices, such as fuel cells. PLA membranes based on [C4C1im][PF6] and [C4C1im][BF4] present different morphologies according to the anion nature and high thermal stability (>300 °C). Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analyses show that [C4C1im][BF4] tends to be isolated inside small pore cavities, which prevents the IL from leaching out of the membranes. Owing to this improved retention capacity of [C4C1im][BF4] and to the hydrophilic character of the IL anion, the PLA–[C4C1im][BF4] blends present conductivity values higher than 0.01 S cm–1 at 98% RH and 94 °C. The work further demonstrates the operation of a PLA–[C4C1im][BF4]-based oxygen/hydrogen fuel cell with an open-circuit voltage above 0.9 V.