Biocatalysis in biphasic systems based on ionic liquids

Abstract

Biocatalytic processes find increasing applications in industry due to the high efficiency of biotransformations, and renewable nature of the enzymes and substrates. Enzymatic biocatalysis is an attractive alternative to conventional chemical catalysis, with corresponding advances now allowing a wide range of biotransformations. However, to make the enzymatic process sustainable, it is essential to separate the product and reuse the biocatalyst while maintaining its efficiency. Liquid-liquid biphasic systems appear as alternative approaches to integrate the enzymatic reaction, product recovery and reuse of the biocatalyst and phase constituents. Moreover, to expand the range of biocatalytic reactions, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have emerged as alternative reaction media due to their unique properties, in particular their ability to maintain enzymes active and stable. In this chapter, we outline novel opportunities for using enzymes in biphasic systems based on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents and discuss the key points and scientific developments expanding the application of biocatalysis.