A finite element formulation for piping structures based on thin shell displacements theory

Abstract

This chapter deals with the more usual formulations in the numerical approaches to the problem of stress analysis of curved pipes under generalized bending loads. The application of curved pipe elements is critically necessary in any piping structure, no matter which the project applications are. Depending on the safety standards ruling the project, it is known that curved pipe elements are much more vulnerable to excessive stressing than straight pipe elements. A larger risk of accessory breakdown during continuous operation after a situation where limiting forces are exceeded is likely to occur. The study of the flexibility and stress state of curved pipes subjected to generalized forces has been an area of interest of many engineers and physicists, given the high interest of the theme in many structural applications.