Characterization of traditional tabique constructions in Douro North Valley region

Abstract

Generally, the traditional building techniques uses natural and local building materials such as stone, woodand earth and, are associated to building procedures that requires small amount of energy consumption and release an expressive noxious gases to atmosphere. The development of green building techniques that help the building industry contributing to a much more sustainable world may be inspired on these traditional building techniques as models. Each sector of societies including ourselves should pay a bill for environmental damaging. Each construction should have as associated environmental damaging cost and the selection process of a construction design solution should also be done in a sustainable bases in which the environmental parameters should be clearly identified and quantified. The tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques, which is based on raw materials as earth and wood. In general, a tabique wall is formed by a simple timber structure covered by an earth based material. Earth has an important role in this system because it protects the internal timber structure as well as is a finishing. The Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro is the northeast region of Portugal and it is very rich in terms of tabique heritage construction. Meanwhile, the existing tabique constructions show a generalized advanced stage of deterioration. This aspect associated to the fact that there is still a lack of scientific studies done in this field motivated this research work, which its main objectives are to identify the building process of tabique elements and to identify/characterize the applied materials. It is intended to stimulate and to give guidance for future rehabilitation works in this field. Taking into account that this region has a large area, it was necessary to divide this work in six stages related to the six council associations, which are Alto Tâmega; Terra Quente Transmontana; Terra Fria do Nordeste Transmontano; Vale do Douro Norte; Vale do Douro Sul and Douro Superior. This work is focused on the council association of Vale do Douro Norte (Douro North Valley), and uses twelve constructions as study cases. This research work also intends to contribute for a better sustainable world by stimulating the applications of natural building materials and the reutilization of traditional building techniques which are environmental friendly.