A hybrid materials approach for fabricating efficient WLEDs based on di-ureasils doped with carbon dots and a europium complex

Abstract

White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) revolutionized the lighting industry providing high energy efficiency and a long lifetime. The recent development of efficient ultraviolet (UV) LEDs pushed forward the development of WLEDs based on mixtures of down-shifting phosphors and the current challenges are focused on the design of sustainable light converting materials with tunable correlated color temperature (CCT) and high color rendering index (CRI). Here the authors report a simple route to design sustainable WLEDs with tunable and enhanced color features through the assembly of a commercial LED chip (400 nm) and flexible films of a di-ureasil hybrid comprising a mixture of a cyan component originating from amorphous carbon dots and a red one resulting from the Eu(tta)3(bpyO2) (tta−: 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and bpyO2: 2,2′-dipyridyl-1,1′-dioxide) complex. This red emission is responsible for high CRI arising from an unprecedented efficient energy bridge between bpyO2 and tta− excited states mediated by the hybrid host, as modeled by theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory and intramolecular energy transfer. WLED prototypes were fabricated with a tunable CCT from cold (5796 K) to warm (4228 K) white-light with high CRI values of 89 and 84, respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art of UV-based WLEDs.